7/29/2023 0 Comments Auricularia auricula georgia![]() Wheat bran, rice bran and soybean meal were pulverized and sifted through a 40-mesh sieve. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize medium composition (wheat bran extract, casein and CuSO 4) to obtain maximal tyrosinase production. The effects of other parameters (nitrogen source and inorganic salt) on tyrosinase production were also investigated. auricula was carried out using low cost fermentative substrates, including wheat bran extract, rice bran extract and soybean meal extract. In the present study, production of tyrosinase by A. Wheat bran, rice bran and soybean meal, have been used as major substrates in the production of the latter compounds, but their application in tyrosinase production is little explored. Many agricultural by-products and waste materials have been used as carbon sources to produce valuable compounds such as γ-amino butyric acid, lactic acid and xylanase (Gao et al. Utilization of cheap carbon sources is considered an effective approach. A major concern in the production of tyrosinase is the reduction of the cost of raw materials, which account for 30–40 % of the total production cost of industrial enzymes (Joo et al. 2006 Chandel and Azmi 2009 Lerch 1983 Para and Baratti 1984). Many microorganisms, such as Citrobacter freundii, Erwinia herbicola and Escherichia coli, have been investigated for tyrosinase production through fermentation (Cabrera-Valladares et al. However, there is little information in the literature on the production of tyrosinase by A. auricula is considered to be one of the most important tyrosinase producers. The melanin pigments are produced by oxidative polymerization of phenolic or indolic compounds catalyzed by tyrosinases (Riley 1997). auricula fruit-bodies, a kind of edible black-brown mushroom, are rich in melanin pigments and are increasingly popular as a “black food” in China (Zou et al. Therefore, tyrosinases have a good potential for development in the fields of biotechnology and environmental protection.Īuricularia auricula-a valuable macro-fungus-has long been used as a food and as a drug in China (Zhang et al. In addition, tyrosinases are applied to waste water treatment due to their ability to oxidize and scavenge phenolic compounds (Chandel and Azmi 2009). Melanin pigments-used as healthful natural food colorants-have been promoted for use in the food industry by strong consumer demand, due to their safety, and for biological activities, particularly as substitutes for synthetic dyes (Tan et al. l-DOPA is used mainly in the treatment of the Parkinson’s disease, which is caused primarily by dopamine deficiency (Chandel and Azmi 2009). Many important bioactive compounds, such as l-DOPA and melanin pigments, are synthesized via these multiple reactions. Tyrosinases are bifunctional enzymes that catalyze the o-hydroxylation of monophenols and subsequent oxidation of o-diphenols to quinones (Lerch 1983 Van Gelder et al. These enzymes-known as type 3 copper proteins-have a diamagnetic spin-coupled copper pair in the active center (Lerch et al. Tyrosinases (EC 1.14.18.1) are copper-containing enzymes that are distributed widely in nature (Van Gelder et al. These results might provide a reference for the development of a cost-effective medium for commercial production of tyrosinase. auricula using cheaper wheat bran extract as a major nutrient source. ![]() The present study is the first to report the statistical optimization of medium composition for production of tyrosinase by A. ![]() Under these conditions, the highest tyrosinase activity was 17.22 U/ml, which was 2.1 fold higher than that obtained using the non-optimized medium. ![]() The central composite experimental results showed the following optimum medium composition: wheat bran extract 36.0 %, casein 1.1 g/l and CuSO 4 0.13 g/l. In single-factor experiments, three components (wheat bran extract, casein and CuSO 4) were chosen to further optimize medium composition using response surface methodology (RSM). Low cost fermentation media using agricultural by-products (wheat bran extract, rice bran extract and soybean meal extract) as a major nutrient source, were evaluated for the production of tyrosinase from the fungus Auricularia auricula in submerged culture. ![]()
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